Game Theory Analysis
DICE
Dice
Pick your number, over or under, and pray to your favorite god. Crazy multipliers await those who are brave
Dice quick sim
Set the house edge, target value, and roll direction. Results are per 1 unit wagered.
EV -0.001
House Edge
0.10%
STD
0.9991
P(win)
49.995%
Win Multiplier
1.9982x
OVERVIEW
Dice is a probability game where you predict whether the roll result will be higher or lower than your selected target.
SETUP
- Choose your bet amount.
- Pick a target between 0 and 10,000 (some frontends display this as 0 to 100).
- Decide whether your bet is over or under that target.
ROLL FLOW
- The game generates one random number between 0 and 10,000.
- If the roll matches your over/under prediction, you win.
- If it does not match, you lose the bet.
PAYOUT LOGIC
Your payout multiplier is tied to win probability:
- Easier-to-hit targets -> lower multiplier.
- Harder-to-hit targets -> higher multiplier.
GAME MATH
The Dice game generates a random integer between MIN and MAX (inclusive).
PARAMETERS
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
MIN | 0 |
MAX | 10000 |
EDGE | 0.001 for Duel, 0.01 for Stake |
V | chosen target number |
TOTAL OUTCOMES
For the default range:
PROBABILITY OF WINNING
If the player bets above the target value V:
If the player bets below the target value V:
PAYOUT MULTIPLIERS
The payout multiplier is calculated so that expected return equals (1 - EDGE).
Multiplier for betting above:
Multiplier for betting below:
EXPECTED VALUE
For both bets:
Substituting the multiplier formula gives:
This means the player's expected return per bet is:
PROVIDER COMPARISON
| Provider | Base RTP | Base House Edge | Effective House Edge @ 100% Rakeback |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duel | 99.9% | 0.10% | 0.00% |
| Stake | 99.0% | 1.00% | 1.00% (if rakeback is 0%) |
RAKEBACK ADJUSTMENT
If rakeback returns a fraction r of house edge, effective edge is:
With Duel's 100% rakeback (r = 1), modeled effective edge is 0%.
You can test any edge and rakeback combination in the simulator below.
VOLATILITY / STD
Use net win and net loss outcomes:
Variance and standard deviation per round:
Default setup on this page (target 5000, bet above, edge 0.10%):
Target 1000, bet above (edge 0.10%):
Target 9950, bet above (edge 0.10%):
TEST STRATEGIES
You can test strategies here in the strategy tool.
WARNING
Strategies are methods of shaping your risk and payout profile, not ways to beat the house.
They can be used to:
- Smooth variance and generate more frequent, smaller wins.
- Increase variance to chase larger, less frequent payouts.
This means each wager has a negative expected value, or neutral when playing zero-edge, and changing bet sizes or betting patterns won't change that.
MARTINGALE STRATEGY
Increase bet size after losses (typically doubling) to recover all previous losses plus a fixed profit. This works extremely well until it doesn't and all of your bankroll is gone.
Bet size sequence: b, 2b, 4b, 8b, ...
Stop when a win occurs, then reset to base bet.
Martingale — Distribution Effect
- Very high win frequency.
- Many small profits.
- Rare but extreme losses (one big loss can drain your bankroll).
PAROLI (INVERSE MARTINGALE)
Bet sequence after wins: b, 2b, 4b, ...
Reset to base bet after a loss.
Paroli — Distribution Effect
- Lower win frequency.
- Many small losses.
- Occasional large wins.
First Casino
Live Economics
House edge: 0.100%
House Edge after Rakeback: 0.000%
STD: 1.00
Max Possible Win: 1.00x
Second Casino
Live Economics
House edge: 1.000%
House Edge after Rakeback: 1.000%
STD: 0.99
Max Possible Win: 0.98x
Shared Session